Discuss the different eras of resistance kinship relationships to Essay

Talk about the various periods of obstruction family relationship connections to Aboriginal individuals - Essay Example Aboriginals are progressively found in Australia, India, Africa and so forth they are diverse in the examples of dressing, loving, admission of food and therapeutic practices. They have been distinctive in different times like crude society, farming society, mechanical society and post present day society. Family relationship is the principle goal of the sociologists since it is the essential factor in the association of the general public. They center around the historical backdrop of family relationship independent of country, state and land zone. â€Å"Kinship frameworks build up connections among people and gatherings on the model of organic connections among guardians and youngsters, among kin, and between conjugal partners.† (Kinship: a word reference of human science, 1998). In any case, a few scholars are on the view that the connection among spouse and husband through which they are connected by marriage do exclude from the class of family relationship. They tell that this relationship is called as affinal relationship. Be that as it may, some different scholars state that the natural relationship isn't important to decide family relationship since certain kids have social dad who assumes the liability of them and along these lines connection must be built up by virtue of social dads. At the point when we consider connection the whole compelling components must be viewed as like the method of relationship, social and political foundation, financial status and so forth. There are two hypotheses which developed in the second 50% of the twentieth century and they are union hypothesis and drop hypothesis. Drop hypothesis focuses on that the job of connection framework is to comprehend political elements of the genealogy bunch in the history. At the point when drop hypothesis gives more significance on the plunge and progression, collusion hypothesis underscores on the marriage. â€Å"Ernest L Schusky has given the accompanying sorts of kinship.† (Joshi 1999, p.109). First kind of connection is consanguineal family relationship which implies the connection by blood like parent youngster

Coca-Cola Management Strategy Free Essays

string(113) trademark quickly signal that they are focused on serving the most favored soda pops in the industry. Appraisal 1 Case Study Report of Coca Cola Company Hang LU S81293 Executive Summary The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is the world’s biggest refreshment organization, biggest maker, wholesaler and advertiser of non-mixed drink gathers and syrups on the planet and is probably the biggest partnership in the United States. The organization is most popular for its lead item Coca-Cola, created by drug specialist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola recipe and brand was purchased in 1889 by Asa Candler who fused The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. We will compose a custom paper test on Coca-Cola Management Strategy or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Other than its namesake Coca-Cola refreshment, Coca-Cola right now offers almost 400 brands in more than 200 nations or regions and serves 1. 6 billion servings every day. [4] The organization works a diversified dissemination framework dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company just delivers syrup concentrate which is then offered to different bottlers all through the world who hold an elite region. The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock is recorded on the NYSE and is a piece of DJIA and S 500. Its present director and CEO is Muhtar Kent. Substance Introduction Company Background Mission and Vision Goals The Competitive Advantage of Coca-Cola Brands Five Forces Analysis Intensity of the Competitive Forces Generic Business Strategy Conclusion Introduction Coca-Cola has sold more than one billion servings consistently. In excess of 10,450 drinks are expended each second. It is available on every one of the seven landmasses and is perceived by 94% of the total populace. Coca-Cola develop from its unassuming roots as a home-blended Georgia-based patent medication to be the worldwide soda powerhouse today. Coca-Cola utilized numerous advances to accomplish its ascent to the highest point of the soda business, characterizing new innovations and building up standards that popped the state of affairs like a top from a soft drink bottle. Through innovation, Coca-Cola consummated Coke as a drink and spread it all through the world. Indeed, even today, the US soda pop industry is sorted out on this guideline. â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company† is currently the biggest soda organization on the planet with items that incorporate Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite, and Fanta and so forth.. It is utilizing around 71,000 individuals worldwide in more than 200 nations. Coke creates around 400 brands comprising of more than 2. 600 refreshment items, for example, water, juice and juice drinks, sports drinks, caffeinated beverages, teas, and espressos. Coke items are disseminated however eateries, basic food item advertise, road merchants, and others, all of which offer to the end clients: shoppers, who devour more than 1. 4 billion servings day by day. Organization Background The Coca-Cola Company is presently the biggest soda pop organization on the planet. Coca-Cola turned into the biggest maker, wholesaler, and advertiser of non-mixed drink concentrates and syrups which work in excess of 200 nations. Coca-Cola was developed on May 1886 by Dr. John Stith Pemberton in Jacob’s Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia. The name Coca-Cola was proposed by Pemberton’s accountant, Frank Robinson. He wrote the name Coca-Cola in the streaming content that is popular today. Vision Mission Coca-Cola has been showcased with finding promoting subjects, for example, â€Å"Drink Coca-Cola† and â€Å"Delicious and Refreshing†. Following quite a while of globalization and brand building, Coca-Cola gladly articulates its Mission Statement â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company exists to profit and revive each and every individual who is moved by our business†. Also, their objectives: The essential recommendation of our business is basic, strong and ageless. At the point when we bring refreshment, worth, delight and enjoyable to our partners, at that point we effectively support and secure our brands, especially Coca-Cola. That is the way to satisfying our definitive commitment to give reliably appealing comes back to the proprietors of our business. Without a doubt, it was! Coca-cola’s strategic individuals and our promise† for the most part centers in Coca-Cola world is to celebrate, revive, reinforce and secure. Coca-Cola feels that they should offer a soda pop to the whole worldwide network, which is naturally protected and acknowledged. The company’s crucial coordinated towards its soda pop business and the technique the board changes that will be prospective. Coca-Cola offers to the drawn out interests of partners especially shareowners, workers and clients. This assists with supporting the neighborhood populaces by offering openings for work, and it additionally assists the nearby and worldwide economies wherein the representatives live. Woodruff’s vision that coca-cola to be put inside â€Å"arm’s reach of desire† worked out as expected from the mid 1940s until 1960, the quantity of nations with packaging tasks about multiplied. It is plausible to such an extent that the organization can sensibly hope to accomplish in due time. Coca-Cola endeavors to discover new developments to better its items and to remain a stride in front of its rivals as what is referenced in the crucial activity we will take†. This is a key component in the company’s drive to be number one in the business. Additionally it is continually searching for upgrades in everything that it does, both in the creation and the way in which the organization is run day by day. Objectives â€Å"That mix imbues all the components of the procedure that we are actualizing to convey an incentive to our offer proprietors in the year to come, and well into the future: an) Accelerate carbonated soda development, drove by Coca-Cola; b) Selectively widen our group of drink brands to drive gainful development; c) Grow framework benefit and ability along with our packaging accomplices; ) Serve clients with innovativeness and consistency to produce development over all channels; e) Direct speculations to most elevated potential zones across business sectors; and f) Drive productivity and cost-viability all over. † The Competitive Advantage of Coca-Cola Brands The company’s sharp spotlight on its business additionally gives it a cost advantage. In spite of the fact that Coke earned under five pennie s for every 8oz serving a year ago, it managed to sell around 380 billion servings! That sort of volume has favorable circumstances. The Coca-Cola Company has put resources into building its trademark for more than 113 years. Purchasers overall perceive the Coca-Cola trademark and symbols as images of value and refreshment. Since Coca-Cola is the â€Å"ideal† soda that sets the benchmark for consumers’ desires, organizations that show and partner with the trademark quickly signal that they are focused on serving the most favored sodas in the business. You read Coca-Cola Management Strategy in class The board The upsides of coca cola in embracing globalization patterns are most importantly with the monetary scale that is greater (discussing the entire whole world rather than one nation, as mass showcasing) it help coca cola to really lessen the expense of creating changing in accordance with the nation where the item is made and value (cutting the expense of transportation, fare and import cost just as assessment). It likewise encourages coca cola to increase upper hands of a top notch item. The confine framework or the executives help the organization to grow the nearby system with the worth creation capacities and furthermore settled in minimal effort markets, rather than the nation of causes. They additionally can have a tight bound of long haul contract with the ease provider in every nation. Five Forces Analysis Today, soda pop industry is a serious industry to be in. Porter’s five powers model gives us that there is as of now a solid hindrance to section built up by the conventional concentrate makers, for example, Coca-Cola, suppliers’ dealing power is solid, buyers’ power is feeble, substitutes for refreshment items are anything but difficult to deliver, and the force of competition is solid since the business is as of now confronting a moderate development and high industry focus. †¢ Suppliers’ Bargaining Power Suppliers’ haggling power in this refreshment industry is solid. For instance, the soda pop fixing maker †NutraSweet who spends significant time in creating concentrate sugars. Since there is a rising worry in wellbeing and security issues in the soda pop drinking inside the buyer advertise, the more advantageous sugar, aspartame, that NutraSweet markets permitted it to have a high effect and contribution on expenses of each bottler’s item costs. Since NutraSweet was the main advertiser that promoted the standard aspartame the expenses of utilizing NutraSweet’s aspartame is moderately high contrast with different substitutes, for example, sugar. Buyers’ Bargaining Power The Buyers of the soda pop industry are the concentrate bottlers. Bottlers of the soda business have a low dealing power since they structure the biggest base (the best number) of the considerable number of components of Porter’s five powers. The greater part of the bottlers are Coca-Cola claimed before 1980, and practically every one of them are un der a type of authoritative understanding expressing that bottlers must suit the projects set up by the concentrate producers’ for the items that they have diversified. High charges are expected of the bottlers re, for example, high beginning up costs running from $100,000 to a few million dollars, paying for two-third of limited time costs, while costs were normally divided into two halves for doing shopper advancement and exchange. It is likewise difficult for bottlers to recognize their own image personality since their items are made of concentrates and the names that they use are the names of the concentrate maker . Coca-Cola, henceforth disheartening their own item differen

IQ Test is Not Accurate Psychology Essay

IQ Test is Not Accurate Psychology Essay Intelligence tests are standardised measurement tools used across different field, including education, business and psychology, to assess and predict individual performance. Developed by psychologists, IQ test measures different mental functions, namely comprehension, reasoning and judgment as indicators of individual mental efficiency and intellectual potential. The central idea of all IQ tests is to calculate the score of person’s responses to a set of stimuli. In this vein, psychologists offer multiple IQ tests, such as Weschler Adult Intelligence scale and Stanford-Binet test that pose different types of tasks to examine and assess different abilities (Burnett, 2013). The existing IQ tests are subject to regular revision and update, which, however, does not always contribute to the test validity. The 2002 nation-wide assessment conveyed by BBC revealed a too general nature of tests tasks, which aroused a concern for the test insufficiency to identify talented and gifted, as mo st questions addressed general knowledge (Lightfoot, 2002). Since the diversity of IQ tests is high, there is no unified assessment of individual learning capabilities and intellectual potential. Different IQ tests measure different mental functions and stimuli, which results in the incompatibility of their findings. Though being the mostly used method of intellectual assessment, IQ tests are heavily criticised by scholars and the public. The central argument of IQ criticism refers to the wrong perception of intelligence as a fixed quantitative notion. In other words, intelligence measurement using standardised tests ignores the possibility of its change (Roche, 2014). Labelling individual intellectual potential with a single score, IQ tests assign a person to a single scenario, as if one cannot improve intellectual capabilities or change them an outward way. Besides, standardised assessment is not sensitive to various situational and emotional circumstances that may affect individual performance in a test. Such objectivity of IQ tests facilitates social segregation and discrimination of disadvantaged groups strengthening social tensions and labelling (Scaife, 2013). Therefore, IQ tests are criticised in terms of their social outcomes. Socialisation based on the intelligence measurement results i n a strict assignment of activities and roles based on a standardised assessment conducted in a single point of time. Environmental factors like school systems and the quality of education are claimed to shape individual performance and assessment score. As such, measurement results of persons exposed to distinct environmental factors are different. Another critical point of standardised IQ tests concerns the impact produced by socio-cultural factors on individual learning, comprehension and demonstration of intellectual abilities. Precisely, family income, cultural background and societal norms influence individual perception and motivation to education (Heffner, 2002). Thus, empirical evidence illustrates that race/ethnicity plays a vital role in one’s test performance. Compared to white children, black students are less motivated to prove their intellectual potential, which negatively affects their test outcomes. Besides, racial/ethnic disparity between the tester and the test maker is another influential factor, as it creates a child’s opposition to the tester (Tinker, 1972). These scholarly and popular media arguments against the accuracy of IQ tests have been recently recognised by the UK authorities and policy-makers. As such, the UK Qualification and Curriculum Authority supported the argument of potential bias and incomplete assessment of intelligence by IQ tests. The government agency illustrated its point by recalling the challenge of determining most talented and gifted students by a single measurement set. This question of IQ test UK relevance relies on the fact that the “talented” characteristic implies success in specific academic subjects, while one’s giftedness is identified by success in other set of subjects (Long et al., 2011). To sum up, validity and reliability of IQ tests assessment of individual intelligence currently occupies a significant portion of the UK policy-makers, practitioners and researchers’ agenda. References Burnett, D., 2013. Online IQ tests: Are they valid? The Guardian, 29 Nov., [online] Available at:

The Fall of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play Essay

The Fall of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play In the play Macbeth, the audience may notice that there are three main contributors to the fall of, Great Macbeth, to the dead butcherer. These three are, the three witches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth. Although they all have their vital roles to play, it is Macbeth who the audience would more easily see is the main contributor. Although Macbeth is the main contributor the witches and Lady Macbeth both play a significant part in this play. To start with the audience can see that the witches are very important as they are the first people on stage during this play. Straight away the audience can immediately clearly see that the witches are evil†¦show more content†¦They constantly use very descriptive language, this can be seen in this quotation, â€Å"Round about the cauldron go;/In the poisoned entrails throw.† The language used here is o dead beings and it is descriptive through words such as â€Å"entrails† and â€Å"poisoned†. The audience can clearly see that the witches are participating in some kind of spell. The audience may also see that the queen of the witches – Hacate, lures Macbeth into a false sense of security through equivocation in the form of ambiguous prophecies. This later leads to the death of Macbeth as he realizes he has been deceived by the witches. The three prophecies Hecate gives to Macbeth are; â€Å"Beware the Thane of Fife. Dismiss me†, the second â€Å"The power of man for none of woman born/shall harm Macbeth† and the third, â€Å"Macbeth shall never vanquished be, until/Great Birnam wood to Dunstance hill/shall come against him.† It is not until near the end of the play that the last two prophecies come into the play. When they do and Macbeth realizes there double meaning it is too late as he is already trapped. Although the witches are evil and they do trick Macbeth it is inevitable that Macbeth would have fell. The other main character who the audience would clearly notice helping and encouraging Macbeth is Lady Macbeth. The audience may see that she is eager to help Macbeth toShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Themes899 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"What are the major themes in Macbeth† By Connor Maguire William Shakespeare’s Macbeth a play complete with many themes and viewpoints. The themes are exhibited by the main characters of the play, notably antagonist Macbeth. Themes seen in the play include ambition, where is is portrayed as both dangerous and unnatural. However, it does exist in both good and evil forms in the play. Another theme seen is whether Macbeths actions in the play are a result of fate, or free will. Although outsideRead MoreTaking a Look at Shakespeares Imagery Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s writings have touched many lives, both in the Elizabethan era and in today’s modern society. He has so many famous writings and plays that there are too many to talk about. He put a lot of time, heart, and effort into all of his writings. Three of his most famous major works are Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and Hamlet. They are timeless and classics. It is even a question as to why they have lasted to this day. It is most likely becaus e of Shakespeare’s popularity, imagery, andRead MoreGuilt Theme in Shakespeare785 Words   |  4 Pageseat you alive. William Shakespeare uses the theme of guilt in two of his most famous plays, Macbeth and Hamlet. In Macbeth, Lady Macbeth starts to regret her decision in supporting Macbeth in murdering Duncan. In Hamlet, Claudius carries around the guilt of killing King Hamlet and doesn’t find it a problem until he realizes Hamlet knows what he did. Both circumstances in each play support a famous quote by Lady Macbeth about the truth of guilt. In the play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth proves that a guiltyRead MoreFate In Macbeth Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesdecide to take fate into their own hands. In William Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth, Shakespeare writes about a Scottish soldier who strives for power, and the fall of the king. When Macbeth is told the prophecy that he is going to become king he allows fate to guide and takes no action. But the king does not announce him his successor, then Macbeth and his wife act in foul ways to capture the throne. Shakespeare uses the main character of his play and the two forces that pull apart MacbethsRead More Destructive Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth Essays1671 Words   |  7 PagesDestructive Ambition in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth presents the fizzled drive of an ambitious husband and wife. This essay is the story of their destructive ambition.    Fanny Kemble in Lady Macbeth refers to the ambition of Lady Macbeth:      [. . .] to have seen Banquos ghost at the banqueting table ... and persisted in her fierce mocking of her husbands terror would have been impossible to human nature. The hypothesis makes Lady Macbeth a monster, andRead MoreThe Plays of William Shakespeare681 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare’s Plays William Shakespeare, a British playwright and poet, is born in 1564. The exact day is not known. Shakespeare is baptized on April 25, so they say his birthday is April 23, 1564 (Boyce, Shakespeare). As an infant, he survives the plague that kills tons of people living near him. He is the son of John and Mary Arden Shakespeare. â€Å"His father is a prosperous and prominent tradesman, bailiff, and alderman, who suffered a decline in fortune and prestige† (Burt, Shakespeare). His fatherRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero.in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay522 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero.in Shakespeares Macbeth When William Shakespeare created Macbeth he included in the title character all the key elements of a tragic hero. Macbeth has a decline from his good standing, reaches a lowest point and soon after turns himself around, the epiphany, and finally rises in his morals and standing; however it is too late and his death is apparent. Macbeths decline begins when he heeds the witches prophecies. His lowest point is reached when he decides thatRead MoreCritical Review of Macbeth by William Shakespeare1008 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: Macbeth Critical Review of Macbeth by William Shakespeare [Aijaz Ahmed Shaikh] [Karachi University] Critical Review of Macbeth by William Shakespeare Introduction Not only is Macbeth by far the shortest of William Shakespeare’s great tragedies, but it is also anomalous in some structural respects. Like Othello (1604) and only a very few other Shakespearean plays, Macbeth is without the complications of a subplot. (Bradley, 1905) Consequently, the action moves forward in aRead More Shakespeares Macbeth and Hamlet as Tragic Heroes Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth and Hamlet as Tragic Heroes      Ã‚   William Shakespeare has written many literary works - from his sonnets to his plays, each has its own individual characteristics.   One popular characteristic that comes from his plays is the tragic hero.   The audience can always relate to the tragic hero and the many trials he faces.   Macbeth and Hamlet are just two of Shakespeares plays that involve the tragic hero.   Through their nobility, tragic flaws, and dignity Macbeth and Hamlet prove to beRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Literary Analysis1388 Words   |  6 Pages One may think Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story, while others may think the play was written as a warning to Queen Elizabeth (Bearman). One can understand William Shakespeare’s ideas for his plays by exploring his influences for Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, and Hamlet. Shakespeare wrote many plays, one of his more famous one being Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare used many sources to create his famous play Romeo and Juliet, one source being a poem named titled Romeus and

History of Golf and Golf Equipment

Golf originated from a game played on the coast of Scotland during the 15th century. Golfers would hit a pebble instead of a ball around the sand dunes using a stick or club. After 1750, golf evolved into the sport as we recognize it today. In 1774, Edinburgh golfers wrote the first standardized rules for the game of golf. Invention of Golf Balls Golfers soon tired of hitting pebbles and tried other things. The earliest man-made golf balls included thin leather bags stuffed with feathers (they did not fly very far). The gutta-percha ball was invented in 1848 by Reverend Adam Paterson. Made from the sap of the Gutta tree, this ball could be hit a maximum distance of 225 yards and was very similar to its modern counterpart. In 1898, Coburn Haskell introduced the first one-piece rubber core; when professionally hit these balls reached distances approaching 430 yards. According to The Dimpled Golf Ball by Vincent Mallette, balls were smooth during the early days of golf. Players noticed that as balls became old and scarred, they traveled farther. After a while players would take new balls and intentionally pit them. In 1905, golf ball manufacturer William Taylor was the first to add the dimple pattern using the Coburn Haskell ball. Golf balls had now taken on their modern form. Evolution of Golf Clubs Golf clubs have evolved from wooden shaft clubs to todays sets of woods and irons with durability, weight distribution, and graduation utility. The evolution of clubs went hand-in-hand with the evolution of golf balls that were able to withstand harder whacks. History of Carrying and Caddies During the 1880s, golf bags first came into use. The beast of burden is an old nickname for the caddie who carried golfers equipment for them. The first powered golf car appeared around 1962 and was invented by Merlin L. Halvorson. Invention of Golf Tees The word tee as it relates to the game of golf originated as the name for the area where a golfer played. In 1889, the first documented portable golf tee was patented by Scottish golfers William Bloxsom and Arthur Douglas. This golf tee was made from rubber and had three vertical rubber prongs that held the ball in place. However, it lay on the ground and did not pierce the ground like modern golf tees. In 1892, a British patent was granted to Percy Ellis for his Perfectum tee that did pierce the ground. It was a rubber tee with a metal spike. The 1897 Victor tee was similar and included a cup-shaped top to better hold the golf ball. The Vicktor was patented by Scotsmen PM Matthews. American patents for golf tees include the first American patent issued to Scotsmen David Dalziel in 1895, the 1895 patent issued to American Prosper Senat, and the 1899 patent for an improved golf tee issued to George Grant. Rules of the Game In 1774, the first standardized rules of golf were written and used for the first golf championship, which was won by Doctor John Rattray on 2nd April 1744 in Edinburgh, Scotland. You must tee your ball within one clubs length of the hole.Your  tee  must be on the ground.You are not to change the ball which you strike off the tee.You are not to remove stones, bones or any break club for the sake of playing your ball, except on the fair green, and that only within a clubs length of your ball.If your ball comes among water, or any watery filth, you are at liberty to take out your ball and bringing it behind the hazard and teeing it, you may play it with any club and allow your adversary a stroke for so getting out your ball.If your balls  be  found anywhere touching one another you are to lift the first ball till you play the last.At  holeing  you are to play your ball honestly for the hole, and not to play upon your adversarys ball, not lying in your way to the hole.If you should lose your ball, by its being taken up, or any other way, you are to go back to the spot where you struck last and drop another ball and allow your adversary a stroke for th e misfortune.No man at  holeing  his ball is to be allowed to mark his way to the hold with his club or anything else.If a ball  be  stoppd by any person, horse or dog, or anything else, the ball so stoppd  must  be played where it lyes.If you draw your club in order to strike and proceed so far in the stroke as to be bringing down your club; if then your club shall break in any way, it is to be accounted a stroke.He whose ball  lyes  farthest from the hole is obliged to play first.Neither trench, ditch or  dyke  made for the preservation of the links, nor the Scholars Holes or the soldiers lines shall be accounted a hazard but the ball is to be taken out,  teed  and  playd  with any iron club.

Local Business Project Paper Free Essays

string(296) " It is noteworthy that he considered it prefer able to remain a partnership rather than an LLC, a limited liability company, or a corporation b cause he felt keeping it as a partnership was more beneficial, due to lower taxes, than the t radioed for less liability at this point in the business\." Trends: young children people are looking for a healthier desserts teenagers people are looking for less expensive desserts implies young adults 4 Commencement of the Business â€Å"l didn’t even like frozen yogurt. † When most people hear this quote, they wow old not think it sets the stage for a successful frozen yogurt restaurant. However, alt cough Mackey, the owner of Yogurts, said this, the restaurant is more successful than ever under his ownership. We will write a custom essay sample on Local Business Project Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people think of a lively environment and healthy food when they hear the e words â€Å"frozen yogurt restaurant. Mackey and his family think on a much deeper level than j just this for their mission, vision, and objectives. Mackey says he wants people to think of the line e â€Å"proud immunity us porter† when one thinks of Yogurts. He and his family like to s purport the community in every way they can, and have a positive impact on the surround inning area. He told us that recently, his restaurant held a fundraiser for Carmela Elementary and g eve them 20% of the profits they earned that day. Mackey and his family had numerous reasons for opening Yogurts. Although t hey had never operated in the frozen yogurt industry, they had multiple interesting id ease and reasons to open this restaurant. Interestingly enough, Mackey and his family owned 5 Us byway restaurants before purchasing Yogurts. This gave them enough interest and experience in the food industry to be motivated to diversify their ownership. They ended up selling one Of the Subway restaurants to invest in Yogurts because they wanted more freedom in operate ions and the ability to have fun and be creative. They invested in Yogurts at the end of May as a FAA mill. Originally, a doctor and a relative of the doctor owned the restaurant. Mackey was interest deed in purchasing Yogurts from them because he wanted to diversify his portfolio. At the time, h e only owned Subway restaurants in the Fishers and Ageist area. He was motivated to open Yogurts because he knew his family would be able to run it in a relaxed atmosphere and not have to follow franchise regulations. Mackey balanced the risks and rewards of the frozen yogurt Indus try and ultimately decided to purchase Yogurts due to the opportune location. The ultimate pull factor that encouraged Mackey and his family to purchase You gurus is its prime location. It is located off of Meridian and Carmela Drive, which encomia sees a large amount of traffic. Yogurts is visible from Carmela Drive, and is located next to other businesses that draw in lots of customers, which ultimately helps them make money. This is analyzed in rater depth later on. Along with the location, the amount of space also once raged Mackey and his family to sign on the dotted line. The amount of square feet in Yogurts ma ekes it the largest frozen yogurt restaurant in the area. This allows Mackey to use the space in a creative and family friendly way, with multiple lager tables and a play area for children that include sees a whiteboard for the kids to draw on. The setup also allows them to play sporting events on the main T -V. In order to entertain all the dads while blasting popular hit songs through the CE ailing speakers to create a partially atmosphere. The location exhilarated Mackey because it NV loves more than just traffic; it encompasses a felicitous location in central Carmela mixed with t heir opportune target market. Statements Vision: To be the most profitable frozen yogurt shop in the state while being a been Lent supporter to the community. 6 Mission Statement: For our company to sell the most frozen yogurt out Of any ice cream or yogurt shop in the city of Carmela each year by offering the highest quality and diverse selection of flavors and toppings. Slogan: For the health of it Yogurts did not have a vision statement so we decided to create one for them The vision statement is measurable and achievable in that we firmly believe that Yogurts is a SSI generic business. Between the group members, we have combined ate at many differ .NET frozen yogurt shops in which none have been superior to Yogurts. Between the quality of the Eire product, wide array of choices, and atmosphere of the venue, Yogurts differentiates itself FRR mom other individual frozen yogurt shops and even franchised ones. Not only does it strive to be a successful enterprise, but Yogurts exceedingly values its role in the community. The stats moment was based off the idea of receiving but then giving back. Being a business, the universal g AOL is to make a profit, but to Yogurt it is to then take their profits, turn around, and make an impact in the community. This vision statement provides the owners and employees a goal to strive for. Yogurts also did not have a mission statement, so we created one for them t hat was all encompassing to the company, and one that would motivate owners and me peoples to reach this competitive goal each year. It incorporates the â€Å"who†, Yogurts, the â€Å"what†, sell the most frozen yogurt compared to their competitors, and the â€Å"how’, offering high quality an d diverse selection f flavors and toppings. The mission statement is specific, measurable, attain able, relevant, and time specific as well. The mission statement galvanism Yogurts to transcend t he other frozen yogurt stores in Carmela and be superlative in comparison to them in all facets 7 Merits of Small and Large Business Yogurts was originally started and owned by someone else, but Mackey Burch eased all of the equity, thereby becoming the new owner. After doing so, he converted the e business into a partnership, splitting the equity amongst his family members in the idea that eventually it will continue on as a family business. It is noteworthy that he considered it prefer able to remain a partnership rather than an LLC, a limited liability company, or a corporation b cause he felt keeping it as a partnership was more beneficial, due to lower taxes, than the t radioed for less liability at this point in the business. This, however, would likely only be the ca SE for a small business. In the united States, a small business is a business that employs less than 500 people, and in a company like Yogurts, it would have to expand significantly to do that. It I s easier to remain a partnership as a small business, with smaller market and employee number , and avoid liability claims than it would be for a larger business. Another merit of a small business s is that they can be more flexible to the market demands than a large one could. This is a com pension for being in fewer markets, because they can more fully utilize their current one. This is where a local store knows to carry a specific item that the local Walter would not even co insider. Often times, smaller business will provide far superior products in comparison to lard egger ones. The famous Linton Burger chain, for example, pride themselves on superior quail y by remaining a small business and keeping its supply chains short. In contrast, the benefits to being a large business are quite obvious. As a large r business, there is a huge amount of name recognition. There are undoubtedly few Poe peel in the civilized 8 world that are unfamiliar with companies such as Collate, Disney, or Google . Currently, Yogurts is not a well recognized business compared to the latter, however, the eye hold their own against the different frozen yogurt franchises such as Woozy and Orange Leaf. In addition, securing funds is significantly easier as a large business, as banks consider NV sting in them to be almost a sure thing. People are also more willing to leave their current jobs for a large business for this same reason: security. This aspect of a large business does c relate to Yogurts in that the owners have trouble finding employees that are not teenagers beck cause of their size. When scheduling the work hours for their employees, a large majority of the m can only work late a night or on the weekends because Monday through Friday they attend s school. Yogurts being categorized as a small business, makes it less attractive for people out o f college to apply to work their. Business Objectives Yogurts has many valuable objectives as a business, however the owners Spec official emphasized their operational goals. Mackey said he likes to challenge his ample eyes to work very efficiently. He encourages them to keep up with him while he works one of two registers, or while he restocks food and cuts fresh fruit. This helps employees feel like he s on the same level as him, not just a figurehead above them, and it also helps them learn to word k at a faster pace. This operational goal has proven to be successful for Yogurts, and has led the m to introduce new technology to their employees. A strategic objective of Yogurts, is to franchise the company. Since Mackey and family have worked with franchises for a long time, they know that they will b e able to use their 9 acquired skills in the frozen yogurt industry as well. Multiple people outfits e have asked Mackey to open up Yogurts restaurants in their respective states. A few exam less include Florida, Ohio, and Illinois. This positive feedback from customers and other b equines owners has encouraged Mackey to turn Yogurts into a franchise and illustrates that the You gurus business model is now a proven proof of concept in the market. This goal would not ha eve come about if it were not for his successful environment, yearning for feedback, and profession anally trained employees. Role of the Business Functions Human Resources does not have its own department in Yogurts since they on lye have 71 0 employees at a time. The owners of Yogurts directly interview and hire the Eire employees who need to be able to do maintenance and work the register. The owners alls o value an employee who is social and able to create small talk with the customers. They want their customers to feel welcomed, and to be assisted when needed, so therefore, t e owners take into consideration how cordial and outgoing an applier is when determining if that person should be hired or not. The owners personally train and work with their employees so the at they are as efficient as possible, and they directly deal with any issues that a worker may I impose, however, this is rare with the people that they employ. The finance and accounts aspect is also completed by the owners. As stated b before, the owners have a sufficient amount of personal money between them due to the e money that they had acquired from their Subways. The upper management of Yogurts is very organized as well, so all of their expenses are recorded and paid for on time. Financially speaking g, between their 10 personal money from the selling of one of their Subways, they were able to RA sis enough capital to fund the business and then take the money they made to reinvest back nit o the company in order for it to be financially independent. Frozen yogurt is an exceedingly popular product that grosses billions of dollar s of revenue each year while generating mass amounts of profit across the world. According to IBIS World, through 2008201 3, annually growth of the industry has been 21%. The SE facts substantiate that the frozen yogurt industry has an increasing market of new, loyal customers to support the frozen yogurt shops such as Yogurts. To capture the attention of these new customers, the marketing department for Yogurts (also the owners) use social media such as twitter and faceable to inform their followers about current deals or changes to the company that are being implemented. The owners do not believe in marketing in the newspaper because they hypothesize that it is a dying form of communication and would not be worth the money to attract their target market through. Who never advertising in the store or out of the store, they like to make them colorful and bright so t hat it catches the eye and encompasses the whole ideological feel of frozen yogurt. Overall, the marketing â€Å"department† could be stronger by finding new, ingenious ways to spread the word about Yogurts that could be seen or heard by a conglomerate group of people that lie eve in the area. Possible ideas could be a local commercial, or they could effortlessly advertise e through banners/ signs at high school sports events (like they have at Off the Wall Sports) or at different middle schools. 11 All in all, there is not a long, complex process to their operations. They buy the e frozen yogurt from another company and then stock the machines themselves. Cuts mores come In through the front doors and are directed to the yogurt machines through a p sage blocked off by a four foot wall. On their way in, overhead are large, flatterers T. V. S that expel main the process of how to assemble their customized product along with other important inform action such as the suggested flavor combination of the week. The employees station themselves behind the register surrounded by the topping bars. This layout gives the employees a 360 degree e workable space to assist customers by offering samples and answering questions while at the same time manning the register. The owners also manage inventory. They track and formulate statistics of which flavors and toppings are popular so that they know the quantity to order of each item as precaution to not waste product or understood themselves. The Four Business Sectors Yogurts uses resources from the primary and secondary sectors, and combines them into a tertiary business. Because Yogurts does not personally make their frozen yogurt with their own recipes, it an therefore be considered a retail business in the tertiary sector. Yogurts has two main 12 providers that they purchase their frozen yogurt from. They buy their yogurt by the quart, and then process it through their machines. In this way, they act as a secondary b equines due to the machine processing of their frozen yogurt. However, Yogurts provides a seen/ICC e to its customers so it is therefore mostly involved in the tertiary sector. The Six Core Concepts Change is evident in the history of Yogurts. They transitioned owners and have e been flourishing ever since. Not only this, but Yogurts has adapted in order to rest nod to competition, and to differentiate themselves. How to cite Local Business Project Paper, Papers

Marriage Sop free essay sample

First of all, I would like to introduce, myself Saurabhkumar S. Patel, I have done Bachelor of Pharmacy from Pune University. I am very happy that I am going to peruse master in Health Service Management and Planning from University of Technology, Sydney. In my family, my father Mr. Sureshbhai Kantilal Patel and my mother Mrs. Chandrikaben Sureshbhai Patel, both are businessmen and running their own business individually in Surat. I have a younger sister. She is married and settled in India. Meeting Ankita: I met Ankita on 31st January 2011 in Surat. Ankita is daughter of Mr. Vishnubhai Patel and Mrs. Ramilaben Patel. I was on short vacation from 25th January to 3rd February 2011 in last year of my bachelors. At that time she was in 2nd year of her bachelor of Computer Science. My father and her father are close friend since they were in school and now they are same kind of profession. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage Sop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before that I was know the name of her father only but I had not met him personally. On 31st January, there was family function of my relative and her whole family was guest of that function. My and her, both the families are from same region and cast. Her father had introduced Ankita to me. In initial talk between me and her I found very shy girl and not more talkative. We had talked about our studies. During the talk with her on first time I found that she is not actually a very shy girl but that is her quality that not to talk more on question which are not required. Although there was big function and so many people were there but she was simple dressed. When I was saying to her something she carefully listened all the things after that she replied very peacefully on my talk. I was impressed so much from her quality which should the entire person has. She looked very cute and beautiful and I like her when I saw her first. Like the saying if you see any girl first and if her image will store in your heart then you are in love with her. It is really happened to me. After that day I was always thinking about her. Initially I taught that this is happened to the entire youngster who are in my age. But I was wrong; I was in love with her. I talked to my father about that they became ready to talk to her father about our us. After the conversion in her family, we got the answer that she was ready to marry with me. She also liked me very much because we are common in our all thinking. I was so happy after her decision. My and her studies were going on, so our family had decided that both of us will free to meet each other after the completion of our bachelors. She had completed her bachelor’s in May 2012. We were met again in May 2012. I saw that she has same polite nature like I met her first. She has told me many times how the lucky girl she is that I am with her for a whole life in every moment of her life. Since I made her feel very confident and loved. When I was about to enter marriage I was very apprehensive. I didn’t believe that anyone should make appeal to girl to fall in love with me. But Ankita found me very attractive and that gave me immense confidence. We have a wonderful chemistry after our marriage also. Our family had decided marriage date 19th September 2012 which was very important day for Hindus because on 19th September there was a Ganesh Chaturthy. Our marriage was solemnized by proper Hindu rites and rituals with close friends and relatives in Surat. This is the tradition in Hindus that the newly married bride moves to the grooms’ family. My whole family warmly welcomed her. My every family member had give gift separately to her. We got the greetings from our whole family members and relatives. My friends had fired the crackers to wish me for successful new married life from that day. We have registered as husband wife on 11th October 2012 in Municipal Corporation of Surat. We have got marriage certificate on 16th January 2013. I would like her to be with me in our initial years of our marriage. I have to take a decision that because I can’t see her alone here in India. After all, she is my loved â€Å"Behalf† for whole life. This is my priority to make her happy in every moment of her life. So I decided to apply for student visa with spouse visa. I hope that we will get the visa and I will able to step forward in my career for over all development of us by perusing my master in Health in such a great university of such a great country.

Environmental Security as an Approach to Threats Posed by Global Environmental Change

Introduction Climate change concerns and its effects on human security have characterised many international development debates (Barnett Adger 2007; Barnett et al. 2010; Campbell 2009). In this debate, some researchers believe environmental issues do not share a direct relationship with human security issues, while other researchers say both concepts have a direct relationship.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Environmental Security as an Approach to Threats Posed by Global Environmental Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both views exist within one continuum of environmental security analysis. On one end is the traditional thinking (realist thinking) that proposes a limited conception of human security, which excluded environmental issues, while the other end of the continuum adopts a new and broad definition of human security, which includes climate change. This paper critically evaluates both argume nts and shows that while it is important to acknowledge the changing nature of human security issues, people should understand how this new conception of human security issues interact with other discourses. To understand this fact, this paper first explains the new human security view. New Human Security View Proponents of the new human security view have widely used the concept to explain international politics and international peace (Barnett 2003; Kaplan 1994). For example, Busby (2007) and Mathews (1989) say we need to expand our definition of human security. They also say, for a long time, people have perceived security through lenses that do not show the new realities of climate change (Busby 2007; Mathews 1989). Similarly, the United Nations (1987) says many countries are quickly realising that it is impossible to separate economic developmental from environmental issues. For example, many human activities have caused resource conflicts through environmental degradation, the reby threatening the bedrock that supports human cohesion (Webersik 2010). The relationship between these two factors (environmental sustainability and human security) manifests in different ways. For example, the United Nations (1987) says poverty is both a â€Å"cause† and â€Å"effect† of environmental degradation. Therefore, it is futile to understand both concepts in isolation. Such concerns led the UN to set up the 1983 World Commission on Environment and Development (it includes environmental factors in understanding human security).Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on the above assertion, Mathews (1989) believes that environmental strains are eroding the boundaries that defined international borders, and national sovereignty. This view prompted him to highlight the need to change human production factors that have supported civilisation. Mas on (2005) also believes there is a strong need to understand human security issues through environmental lenses because this new framework recognises the danger that human societies face if they continue to ignore the impact of their economic activities. Relative to this view, Brown et al. (2008) say, â€Å"In recent years, our traditional ideas about security have unravelled. No longer do the main threats to our security come from the massed armies of hostile neighbours—but from terrorism, epidemic disease, organised crime, conflict over natural resources and environmental degradation† (1). Mason (2005) advances the above view through ethical arguments because he says that ignoring the impact of climate change on human security creates an accountability problem. Particularly, he stresses this point by highlighting the transnational and global hazards of climate change (Mason 2005). Unlike other researchers, Mathews (1989) paints a more positive outlook on the environm ental-security issue by saying the global environment could support increased human populations if societies adapt to the new realities of climate change. Relative to the above conceptions of human security issues, Mathew Fraser (2002) believe broadening security definitions to include non-military issues, changes the role of the state in human security matters. For example, within the new security framework, the roles of transnational and sub-national non-state actors increase. Technological innovation, increased information flows, and globalisation have helped such non-state actors to increase their influence in security matters (Mathew Fraser 2002). Overall, human security interests do not align with national economic interests.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Environmental Security as an Approach to Threats Posed by Global Environmental Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Khagram et al. (2003) agr ee with the view of Mason (2005) when they say that the limited role of the state in this new conception of security is justifiable because human societies are the main victims of climate change. Indeed, states are not the main victims of climate change because the latter has immediate and direct effects on people’s livelihoods (Moran 2011). For example, although water scarcity may not necessarily lead to war, it could easily cause death from drought, dehydration, low food production, and similar calamities. Similar to the above view, Kaplan (1994) sums up the danger that human societies face from climate change by saying, â€Å"environmental scarcity inflames existing hatred† (p. 56) among communities. Traditional Thinking of Human Security Unlike the above researchers, proponents of the traditional view of security do not believe people should link climate change with human security. For example, Paris (2001) doubts the practicality of using a broad human security vi ew for academic and policy-making purposes. He says the concept lacks a precise definition because, like sustainable development, everyone supports it, but few people have a clear definition of its meaning (Paris 2001). Secondly, Paris (2001) contends that human security holds together different institutions and organisations (such as non-governmental organisations and middle power states) which want to shift the balance from conventional national security issues to newer approaches of security to support their international development goals. Therefore, he believes the these organisations have biased views (Paris 2001). Detraz Betsill (2009) also agree that there is no link between climate change and human security issues. They say both concepts fall within two frameworks of â€Å"environmental conflict† and â€Å"environmental security† and believe the new debate that links climate change and human security issues have only engaged â€Å"environmental security† issues (Detraz Betsill 2009). Therefore, a discursive shift has not occurred. They also say the shift would be counterproductive because it would slow people’s resolve to find the real solutions to climate change (Detraz Betsill 2009). Deudney (1990) supports this view by saying there is no relationship between climate change and political conflicts.Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He says it is self-defeating and dangerous to link the two concepts because human security and environmental concerns do not emerge from the same concerns. Based on the same view, he says environmentalists often exaggerate the prospects of war from climate change concerns. Comprehensively, Deudney (1990) believes climate change does not affect national security, but the institutions and mindsets that created it. Cudworth Hobden (2011) also support the above view and say that merging environmental and security issues create two frameworks for understanding human security issues. These two approaches show that human societies â€Å"cause† climate change and climate change leads to insecurity (Cudworth Hobden 2011). He cautions that this approach should not ignore complex human relations (complexity theory) that regulate this relationship. In an unrelated context, O’Brien (2006) believes that most people are missing the point about the relationship between human securit ies and environmental change. He says the debate should shift from determining if environmental disasters are products of climate change, or not, to debates that explore if human societies could manage such disasters (O’Brien 2006). Nonetheless, many human societies are unable to cope with these adverse environmental effects. Therefore, they compromise human security. Based on these assertions, O’Brien (2006) de-links environmental change from human security. He says human security depends on people’s preparedness to handle climate change. Therefore, if societies could manage the effects of climate change, there would be no concerns about human security issues. Redclift (2001) agrees with the above view. However, he says researchers have failed to include other discourses of environmental sustainability when they associate the concept with human security. Mainly, he says researchers need to include changing human security and natural resource issues when explain ing the relationship between both concepts (Redclift 2001). He believes that by doing so, researchers would easily broaden security and sustainability concepts (Redclift 2001). This approach would also give them a broader insight into human security issues, within an environmental framework. Conclusion After weighing the traditional and new thinking of human security issues, this paper shows that science has often portrayed environmental problems as â€Å"scientific† and not â€Å"security† problems. This view largely defines traditional thoughts of human security. The broadened definition of human security suggests a strong interrelationship between science and security issues. This new thinking is important in managing today’s complex human security issues. Based on this fact, the new thinking of human security should guide future debates because it approaches the problem holistically. However, while it is important to acknowledge the changing nature of human security issues, people should understand how new human security views merge with other discourses (especially those that define traditional thinking) because human security is a complex phenomenon. References Barnett, J 2003, ‘Security and Climate Change’, Global Environmental Change, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 7–17. Barnett, J Adger, N 2007, ‘Climate change, human security and violent conflict’, Political Geography, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 639-655. Barnett, J, Matthew, R, O’Brien, K, McDonald, B 2010, Global Environmental Change and Human Security, MIT Press, Cambridge. Brown, O, Crawford, A Campeau, C 2008, Environmental Change and the New Security Agenda Implications for Canada’s security and environment. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Busby, J 2007, Climate Change and National Security: An Agenda for Action. Web. Campbell, K 2009, Climatic Cataclysm: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implica tions of Climate Change, Brookings Institution Press, Washington. Cudworth, E Hobden, S 2011, ‘Beyond environmental security: complex systems, multiple inequalities and environmental risks’, Environmental Politics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 42-59. Detraz, N Betsill, M 2009, ‘Climate Change and Environmental Security: For Whom the Discourse Shifts’, International Studies Perspectives, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 303–320. Deudney, D 1990, ‘The Case Against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security’, Millennium – Journal of International Studies, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 461-476. Kaplan, R 1994, ‘The Coming Anarchy’, The Atlantic Monthly, vol. 273, no. 2, pp. 44-76. Khagram, S, Clark, W Raad, D 2003, ‘From the Environment and Human Security to Sustainable Security and Development’, Journal of Human Development,  vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 289-313. Mason 2005, The New Accountability: Environmental responsibility Acro ss Borders, Earthscan, London. Mathew, R Fraser, L 2002, Global Environmental Change and Human Security: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues. Web. Mathews, J 1989, ‘Redefining Security’, Foreign Affairs, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 162-177. Moran, D 2011, Climate Change and National Security: A Country-Level Analysis, Georgetown University Press, Washington. O’Brien, K 2006, ‘Are we missing the point? Global environmental change as an issue of human security’, Global Environmental Change, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–3. Paris, R 2001, ‘Human Security: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air’, International Security, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 87–102. Redclift, M 2001, ‘Environmental Security and the Recombinant Human: Sustainability in the Twenty-first Century’, Environmental Values, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 289–299. United Nations 1987, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Web. Webersik, C 2010, Clim ate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges, ABC-CLIO, New York. This assessment on Environmental Security as an Approach to Threats Posed by Global Environmental Change was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Winning Argumentative Essay Topics for Students †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

Winning Argumentative Essay Topics for Students An argumentative essay is a special type of essay which requires students to argue with the existing points of view in order to prove the truth of their own position. Usually, there are no 100% right or 100% wrong positions. The chosen topics should be yet contradictive and debatable. To prove his or her own position, a student is encouraged to use various sources that are dated no more than five years. Otherwise, the information may be too old to use. It is especially crucial for various statistics and data for the certain period. The main goal of all argumentative topics is to convince the target audience in the authenticity of the author’s judgments. To look more professional, argumentative topics should be supported by the arguments for and against. This way a student shows his awareness of the discussed field. To decide which argument to include, students have to start with conducting an in-depth research. They should study all sides of the given issue. The final purpose of the paper is to make an educated stance. The evidence should include observations, studies, reports, statistics, articles, and other papers published by scientists or legal entities like the government. These primary sources are no doubt the most reliable sources of information for all argumentative topics. The organization of the argumentative topics essay is rather complicated. You may find it here. But it is still better to have a look at one of the online examples to survive with the highest possible grade. How to Choose Argumentative Essay Topics Wisely? Argumentative paper on any subjects should inspire the audience to: Read the entire text Participate in the discussion or even make it To debate and argue Thus, the ideas should be selected carefully. The first stage is usually the most important when speaking about argumentative essays. If you are not assigned a particular theme, you may go on searching for the inspiring topics on your own. It’s not that hard if you have an internet access or opportunity to visit libraries. Check out the newspapers and magazine archives to grab the best ideas for your argumentative piece. Look at their date! A bad idea is to consider sensitive and biased topics like: nationality race gender social status relationships between two humans religion politics The good idea is to talk about things that encourage people to argue with each other without turning them enemies. Try to avoid hostile topics in favor of less biased ones: music, laws, history, food preferences, books, etc. Involve all your consideration and pick familiar topics for your argumentative essays. Choosing an emotional topic is a nice way out, but you should not do it if you are not an expert in the field. If you want a paper on the topic you are not sure about, contact online writing service to get proper help. List of the Best Argumentative Topics Simple Argumentative Essay Topics (Elementary Middle School) Should young students ask their parents to be allowed to purchase contraceptives? Should people be encouraged to drink less with the help of special laws? Should college education be made obligatory? Middle-level Complexity (Argumentative Essay Topics for College) The Difference between Moral and Non-Moral Issue Can military intervention in Syria be justified? Are parents responsible for the criminal actions of their children? Is GPA enough to successfully pass application process? Advanced-level Ideas for Argumentative Essay Is Career Choice Impacting Applicants Heavily? How Do Cultural Aspects Influence Management Decisions? Was the last presidential election in the United States fair? Do film celebrities make too much money unfairly? Funny Ideas for Argumentative Paper How to make money on joking videos on YouTube? What is the worst motion picture ever? Who is the best comedian actor and why? Topics for Any Life Situation Violent video games are not the main cause of Columbine High School massacre Gender Studies was initiated by the feminist group and should not be studied to teenagers Should people make abortions illegal? Bioethics How can activists ban the usage of wild animals for research purposes? Cloning any living creatures must be forbidden Computer Science/IT Is Google staff right in increasing privacy and security? Copyright violation: is there a way to withstand this problem? Should YouTube comments be strictly monitored and deleted if needed? The Internet today involves more risks than benefits. Law and Political Science Argumentative Topics Is gun control the best method to reduce criminal activity? Should governments support same-sex marriages everywhere? How should smoking and drinking in public places be punished? The problem of too over-regulated community Legalization of marijuana: pros and cons Ecology The essence of cross-cultural marriages Why women participate in criminal activity less than men Remote learning is more efficient than the traditional classes Violence in the media: its hidden dangers Media Studies Media impact on the teen’s development The role of rock and metal music in the life of school students Organization and Format of an Argumentative Paper                                                                                                                Argumentative Essay Structure for Any Topics Beginning paragraph   (introduction)                                        3-5 body paragraphs Conclusion Summary of the target topics, their role in society. End up with a thesis statement (the last one in the first paragraph) List the arguments that support your main idea best of all. Students have to support each of them with up-to-date sources (evidence) The support should be logical. Focus on proved facts, analytics, statistics, official data, etc. The student must synthesize the information recalled in the body paragraphsÃ'Ž. How to Use So-Called Connection Words Correctly When you construct an argumentative essay, it does not really matter which topics you describe. To unite all body paragraphs with the introduction and conclusion, use transition words. Then all paragraphs and sentences will function as one whole. Function Connection Word Addition In addition; and; additionally; as well as; identically; along with; likewise; too; also; together with Contrast Above all; different from; despite; although this may be true; on the contrary; in spite of; on the other hand; however; besides; but; otherwise; whereas Cause or Target Because of; so long as; due to; given that; with this in mind; provided that; when; unless; in case; with this in mind Examples or Evidence Truly; another key point; by all means; chiefly; for instance; especially; specifically; to point out; in other words Outcomes Due to the fact that; accordingly; consequently; hence; as a result; in effect; in that case Conclusion/Summary All things considered; to sum up; as can be seen; so summarize; after all; in the end As you can see, writing an argumentative essay on most of the available topics is a time-consuming process which requires a lot of efforts and skills it is worth trying as you can gain unforgettable experience. Students should mind English grammar, spelling, punctuation, and vocabulary usage when working on their drafts. Style is also crucial. Avoid plagiarism. Those are the main rules. If you still feel unsure about the particular writing task, you can download the good topics ideas or simply order an argumentative essay written from scratch by the amazing writers from this site.

Modern European History (1789-present) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Modern European History (1789-present) - Essay Example 84 and the Primerose League collected great support and laid strong foundation for the conservatives .With the advent of Benjamin Disreli from [1874-1880] resorted Conservatism to modern reforms ,0peeped out their influence as a result of the imperialistic and electoral plans of Disreli. Socialism stands for an economic theory and cooperation among all classes of people . It came out as a reaction to bring social and economic change as an effect of the Industrial revolution .Conservatism concerns with the social and political changes as an effect of the French Revolution. Radicalism is concentrated in maintaining radicalism principles in economic and social circumstances . It paved the way for protest against hunger and want .It also paved the way for betterment of the society.The new right refers to different categories in different ststes.In United kingdom it refers to neo-liberalism , in France it refers to new thinking in political aspects ,declaring their thought to be the right . Q 4 .IN CONTARAST TO THE NATIONALIST LIBERATION STRUGGLE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, A NUMBER OF HISTORIANS ARGUED THAT GERMANY UNIFIED THROUGH WAR AND DIPLOMACY. SUPPORT OR CHALLENGE THIS STATEMENT. DESCRIBE OTHER SOLUTIONS OR PROPOSALS TO THE QUESTION OF UNIFICATION THROUGHOUT THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The unification of Germany has been one of the major political events. When we talk of thee unification , we should be aware of the facts that Germany played a very important role in the post - cold war .Europe’s participation was an ever green sight for the politicians and economists. Bismark had deep conservative monarchist and aristocratic observations. He was the one who worked out the diplomatic ideologies and created war fronts to get Germany united. He was strictly obsessed with Prussia . He does not want Prussia to be an individual province , to be more precise , he wanted Prussia to come under the German constituency. He took the rewards of the

Peepepep Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Peepepep - Term Paper Example There is an increased awareness on the need to control greenhouse gas emissions in order to curtail dramatic changes in climate through implementation of climatic treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol in which the most significant feature is the commitment by developed nations to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (Malin). Several petroleum industries have adopted various strategies to control emissions and thus contribute to a cleaner environment. While some companies such as BP Amoco have extended support to the climatic treaty, others like ExxonMobil have criticized the treaty stating that the present emission rate is not that bad and adopting strategies to reduce emissions will only have a negative impact on the economy (Van den Hove, Le Menestrel and De Bettignies). The major change occurring in global climatic conditions, commonly referred to a global warming, is attributed to the increase in the mean global temperature and the rise in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The Petroleum industry is regarded as a major contributor of greenhouse gases which could occur in any of the following three ways. A majority of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide, occurs via the combustion of fuels in transportation, furnaces and boilers. Emission of large amounts of methane occurs during the production and refining of crude oil as well as during transportation. Large quantities of carbon dioxide are also released during the production stage. Carbon dioxide is also released during the production of plastics, rubber, petroleum-based solvents, lubricants and waxes using petroleum derived-feedstock’s (Bluestein and Rackley). Thus the petroleum industry contributed doubly towards greenhous e gas emissions and hence is accountable for the emissions resulting from their own production and indirectly for the emissions released by the use of its products. In response to the need to control

The Rise Of Facebook In Vietnam Media Essay

The Rise Of Facebook In Vietnam Media Essay Reading Public Relations at university, I am always fascinated by the art of communicating with and persuading people. Being a heavy user of Facebook, I am amazed how the social network since its birth has brought about so many changes to the ways people share and communicate. This research paper is my attempt to investigate the marketing communications role of Facebook in my home country, Vietnam. A survey targeting at 100 Vietnamese internet users and interviews with two industry experts were conducted and analysed. I was able to sit in the positions of both users and marketers to view the issue. Findings showed that Facebook marketing communications in Vietnam is currently at its young age however has had a very interesting journey of development. The young internet community and marketing practitioners in Vietnam love Facebook. Nevertheless, that is not enough to secure future success; the social network has to do much more in order to increase its digital influence in a highly competitive market. Chapter 1: Introduction Overview There have been a number of studies on effects of social media on marketing communications, a few of which have a specific investigation on the social network giant Facebook. However, most of those only focus on cases in the West where the emergence of social media first happened and most of the marketing trends originate. I am thus keen on doing a research on how social networks and Facebook specifically have found its ways and been used as a marketing communications tool in the other side of the world. Vietnam is one of the fastest growing internet populations worldwide with around 30 million users, making up a third of the total population. The Facebook block issue which caused difficulties logging in the site starting since late 2009 has not made this social network less attractive in Vietnamese users perspectives. Facebook marketing and communications in Vietnam moreover enjoys a boom when agencies have increasingly appreciated the power of the site in influencing audiences. This research paper attempts to study the nature of this development and its roles to marketing communications in the eyes of both users and marketers. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the current performance and future potential of Facebook as a marketing communications tool in Vietnam. It is hence important to determine profiles of Vietnamese Facebook users and their behaviours towards the social network. Opinions of industry experts on how effective Facebook is and will be to approach and persuade audiences are also essential. Key areas of investigation include: What is the current place of Facebook in the Vietnam social web market? What is happening to Facebook in Vietnam? Is this really blocked? Who use Facebook most in Vietnam? How do they interact with the site? What are their concerns when using Facebook? How reliable Facebook content is compared to other media platforms? How effective is Facebook in terms of marketing communications in Vietnam? What is the future of Facebook marketing in the country? The study is in general to provide an insight of Facebooks performance in Vietnam, focusing on its marketing roles. It specifically aimed to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the social network as a growing marketing communications tool in this emerging economy. 1.3 Background The internet in Vietnam has had a fascinating journey of development, in opinion of Thomas Crampton, Asia-Pacific Director of Ogilvy 360Â ° Digital Influence. He believes that the rapid growth of the internet in Vietnam receives support of three main factors including a developing nation, young population and the Government (Vietnam News, 2010). In terms of statistics, a research in 2010 by TNS, one of the worlds biggest market research groups, showed that 45% of Vietnamese are highly engaged in digital activities. The countrys figure is ranked fifth in Asia-Pacific area and slightly higher than the United Kingdom (43%) and the United States (42%). According to the same source of statistics, Vietnam is known as one of the youngest internet populations worldwide with the average age of 27. Another significant feature of the internet in Vietnam is its growing mobility. Again, statistics proved it best when showing that Mobile internet in Vietnam saw a growth of more than 800 per cent last year, reaching a total of 110 million mobile subscribers in early 2010 (Vietnam News, 2010). All of these somehow draw an overall picture of Vietnams internet environment with a young, mobile-going and highly-digital community. Social Media in Vietnam Like the development of the internet, Vietnam social media has witnessed dramatic growth since its first day in the country. Social network usage increased significantly from 4% in 2009 to 64% in 2010 (Crampton, 2010). Social networking was ranked as the most important digital activity by 25% of Vietnamese internet users, just behind Emailing which was ranked first by 27% of the research participants (TNS, 2011). The social web market in Vietnam marked its first turning point in 2005 with the launch of Yahoo!360, a blogging tool which allows users to compose their writings, customise screens and socialise with friends. Before the emergence of Yahoo!360, the social web environment in Vietnam relied on a few dominant platforms. Yahoo dominated the instant messaging and emailing sectors while its searching function was relatively popular together with Google. Community pages varied when users tended to participate in their online local community such as school forums rather than a particular national-scale page. A similar situation happened to video/music-sharing sites when several providers shared the popularity. After Yahoo!360 came, it ruled the social media world in the country, possibly with the support of Yahoos early dominance in Vietnam internet services. Millions of Vietnamese enjoyed writing about their daily lives and gossiping celebrity news. They gradually created a mass online comm unity and a unique blogging style called Yahoo!360. It was not a tool specifically designed for Vietnam market, but the market took it anyway, with great passion and enthusiasm. (Nguyen, Ogilvy 360Â ° Digital Influence, 2010) Only people from Mars dont know about Yahoo, said Hoang An, 21, one of countless fans of the portal, which has one of the countrys most potent brands. (Russell, Asian Correspondent, 2010). The next turning point happening to the Vietnam social web community was in 2009. Yahoo!360 dominated social media in Vietnam however did not work well in other countries. The blogging tool failed to serve global customers, forcing Yahoo! global to close the service. The firm gave warnings about the closure several times since early 2009; however Yahoo Vietnam has seen a mix of trying to maintain the operation and investment versus tempting to close it down (Nguyen, 2010). The reason was as clear as the brand has achieved such a significant success in the country. Yahoo!360 users or in this case a majority of the Vietnam web community were strongly against this decision. Nevertheless, their efforts could not help prevent the closure of the site in 2010. Yahoo! Vietnam not long after that launched a local blogging service targeted specifically at Vietnam market called Yahoo!360 Plus. However, the replacement has not achieved such extreme success like its original version did. Since th en, the market has witnessed the emergence of a number of social media, both domestic and international brands. Facebook in Vietnam The number of Facebook Vietnamese users has reached more than 1.5 million in early 2011 (Social Bakers, 2011). The figure in 2009 was around 40,000 and impressively doubled in 2010. Facebook estimated a number of 1.9 million Vietnamese users in 2011. The social network has a Vietnamese-language version along with its English site; users thus have a choice of the language they want for their own pages. However, language has never been a problem preventing the popularity of social media in general and Facebook especially in Vietnam. English was the only language used in many social media tools; however, what really matters is that users can always propose their own content in Vietnamese or any other languages. Facebook is furthermore an international social network thus designed to reach international users. Chapter 2: Literature Review When researching the performance of Facebook as a marketing communications tool in Vietnam, I came across a number of concepts and facts which help build a better understanding of the topic. In this chapter, I will then explore these concepts and their relations to the study of marketing communications on Facebook Vietnam. They include the growing roles of social media in general and Facebook especially to marketing communications, the place of Facebook in comparison to its competitors and the internet censorship issue in the country. 2.1 Marketing Communications to Social Media and Facebook There are a variety of definitions of the term social media. Social media guru Larry Weber in his book Marketing to the Social Web suggested that The social web is an online place where people with common interest can gather to share thoughts, comments, and opinions. It includes social networks such as MySpace, Gather, and Facebook [] and branded web destinations like Amazon, Netflix and eBay. In summary, it is a new world of unpaid media created by individuals or enterprises on the web. (Weber, 2009: 4) Looking at another source, Brian Solis and Deirdre Breakenridge (2009: xvii) defined social media as the democratisation of content and the shift in the role people play in the process of reading and disseminating information. In general, definitions slightly vary but all feature social media as new media platforms whose content is created on the web and by internet users. The term marketing communications meanwhile is widely agreed to consists of the promotional activities pursued by the firm and includes personal selling, mass selling, (comprising advertising and publicity), public relations and sales promotions (Monye, 2000: 11). It is the process of interacting with audiences or customers in a way that promotes a favourable brand image and helps build goodwill. Putting social media and marketing communications together, it then results in the concept of a new communications tool which is based on strengths of social web. Zarrella in The Social Media Marketing Book believes that the best way to define the term is to compare it with marketing on traditional media (including television, newspapers, radio and magazines). The author describes these traditional media as one-way static broadcast technologies while social media with new web technologies have made it easy for anyone to create and, most importantly to distribute their own content (Zarrella, 2010: 2-3). Marketing on the social web hence does not require huge sums of money to embed their messages but can make their own interesting content that viewers will flock to (Zarrella, 2010: 3). Supporting the idea of this growing power, Larry Weber believes that the social web has transmitted the way we do marketing: Rather talking at customers, marketers should talk with them. And the social web is the most effective way in the history of the world to do just that on a large scale. (Weber, 2009: 4) Among a number of different social media platforms, social network giant Facebook indeed makes up to the word giant. The review will focus on the marketing communications role of Facebook, which also seems to be one of the sites most significant social influences. The Facebook Marketing Book has a comprehensive summary of various marketing tactics Facebook. According to this, key strengths that make Facebook an effective marketing communications tool lie at its larger audience than old media and huge amount of personal information which has been volunteered by users to give the site then therefore advertisers (Zarrella, 2011: 3). From big brands to small businesses, anyone is able to use Facebook adverts, applications, and pages to communicate directly with audiences and leverage their brand image. It is suggested that the diversity of Facebook applications, from messaging and photo sharing to gaming, is beneficial to not only users but also marketers. Marketing people now have more platforms to engage with customers and carry out new effective strategies. For example, a Facebook Profile could make huge contribution as it represents how people share things with their large and very connected group of social connections. 500 million profiles on Facebook hence become precious sources of data for marketers to get use of: In fact, this is Facebooks biggest selling point: the site actively encourages users to fill their Profile with the type of information marketers are always trying to find all for free. (Zarrella, 2010: 33) Facebook Pages, Groups and Events are also believed to be the key to most social media strategies and will more than likely be the central point for most of marketers efforts and promotions. The popularity and importance of creating and monitoring Facebook page was emphasised as users nowadays look at the site much the way we look at the internet 10 years ago and are confused when they cannot find their favourite store or celebrity (Zarrella, 2010: 65). In terms of statistics, each of 500 million users on Facebook is connected to 60 Pages, Groups and Events on average. Overall, Facebook is considered as a highly competitive and fast-moving channel but amazingly cost effective, which if used properly can be an extension of your brand, helping you present the same personality, tone and visual faces as you would in any other materials (Zarrella, 2011: 7). 2.2 Marketing Communications on Vietnam Social Media The phenomenon of Yahoo!360 blog in Vietnam resulted in the emergence of influencers who are called hot bloggers in Vietnam. Their blogs attracted several millions of page views at the time and many of them are journalists. The social media expert in her article described these hot bloggers as whom PR departments in various agencies incorporated into clients marketing communications and PR activities (Nguyen, 2010). In general, it could be said that from the very early day when social media marked its appearance in Vietnam, PR and marketing have already been strongly involved in and taken advantage of the social web. The social web environment in Vietnam after the age of Yahoo!360 has seen a rapid and diverse development, when a number of both local and international companies have joined the market. None of them seem to have made a phenomenon like what Yahoo!360 did; however more social media platforms are getting popular. Among those, social networks have especially marked a significant growth in the country: Those who like local social networks became members of Yume, ZingMe, Tamtay, i-pro, Henantrua, Vietspace, etc., while others who like foreign networks joined Multiply, WordPress, Yahoo Plus, Twitter, etc. However, none rules the market (Vietnamnet, 2010). The top influential social media sites in Vietnam was recently summarised in the below chart by the Ogilvy 360Â ° Digital Influence team. Figure 3.1: The landscape of Vietnam Social Media 2010 (Ogilvy, 2010) According to the research above by Ogilvy, social media tools listed in the smaller circle are evaluated as being more influential than those in the larger circle of the same sector. Vietnam overall is considered as a fast-growing country in terms of social web development. There are both local and international names operating in different sectors, ranging from blogging, social networking and music sharing to QA and online trading. In the sector of social networking specifically, Facebook is put behind three local sites in terms of digital influence. In other words, it is competing with local providers to be the top choice of online marketing communications tools. 2.3 Facebook Block Story Facebook is currently not the biggest social network in the country but growing fast in both number of users and influence on audiences. Its growing power has been proved after the blocking. The story started in late 2009 when it was getting difficult accessing Facebook in Vietnam, leading to a worry that the government would ban the social network. There were reasons for such claim because Earlier this year, Vietnams government tightened restrictions on blogging, banning political discussion and restricting postings to personal matters. Police have arrested several bloggers for writing about politically sensitive subjects (Russell, Asian Correspondent, 2009). The government and state-controlled internet providers did not respond to a request for comment. Private internet companies meanwhile blame the spotty access on technical issues, without offering an estimate for when the problems will be resolved (Ngo, CNET News, 2009). Facebook seemed to face its end in Vietnam at the time when local media started spreading the rumour that the site is going out of service and following the pathway of Yahoo!360: The Thanh Nien, one of the most popular newspapers in Vietnam, ran an article with the headline Facebook in grave illness. It hinted that this is similar to the process of what happened to the now defunct Yahoo360, suggesting maybe its time to look to other social Web sites. (Ngo, CNET News, 2009) The situation remained sophisticated since there has been no official statement regarding the problem logging in Facebook in Vietnam. The only obvious fact was that Vietnamese users could not access Facebook in their usual way. However, not the investigation of whether the government blocked Facebook and why they did so, state of the site after that is more the concern of my study. In relation to this, Global Voices had a comprehensive and interesting review of the whole issue: When Vietnam blocked Facebook, everyone was talking about a smaller China. One year after the governments endeavour, Facebook Vietnam tells another story. Not only does Vietnam remain on the list of 10 countries with the fastest growth of Facebook users. (Chip, Global Voices, 2011) The author explained a simple reason for the above fact: Because they can. If users in China have to pay for a VPN and go through a painful process to gain access to Facebook and other blocked websites, people in Vietnam just need to change their DNS settings and enjoy a full Internet experience for free. Information gathered from other sources showed an exactly same situation when Vietnamese users found and spread ways to access Facebook as if there had never been a problem logging in the site before. Some tech-savvy Facebook fans have found ways around access problems by readjusting their web browsers to a different configuration. They have been sharing instructions for doing so online. (Russell, Asian Correspondent, 2009) Trung, a 15-year-old high school student, taught me how to change the DNS: I figured it out myself, Trung said proudly, I just Googled it. Indeed, after a few Google searches, I found plenty of simple ways to bypass the ISPs DNS settings. (Ngo, CNET News, 2009) The commentator from CNET concluded: Blocked web sites are new to Vietnam. However, this seems to be the first time people are out in big numbers looking for ways to bypass. This shows the popularity of Facebook and the desire of young Vietnamese to reach out and stay connected with the rest of the world. 2.4 Facebook Vietnam to Marketing Communications Facebook which had been doing relatively well in Vietnam, after the block seemed to catch even more attention. Its popularity immediately convinced marketers and PR people to take the site as a growing powerful marketing communications tool. ZingMe, which is the biggest social network in Vietnam and once considered as more influential by the Ogilvy team, now seems to lag behind Facebook, in the opinion of an industry expert: We have tried some campaigns on ZingMe, but the results werent very good. Most of Zing Me users are under 15, and many of them log in ZingMe just to play Nong Trai (a game similar to Facebook Farmville). There are not many activities outside games. Facebook is still the most effective despite its being blocked, both in term of interaction and conversion rate. (Chip, Global Voices, 2011) Fan page which can be created by anyone on Facebook and allows users to become members of a group supporting a particular brand or person has increased significantly in terms of number and popularity. It proves the growing power of Facebook as an online marketing communications tool in the country: The largest fan page in Vietnam currently has 484,000 likes. For a market of 1.7 million users (and growing), the number means that this page has reached to almost 30 percent of Vietnamese Facebook users. Imagine this ratio worldwide, we would have a fan page with 100 millions likes. (Chip, Global Voices, 2011) The article on Global Voices emphasised another factor showing the rise of Facebook marketing in Vietnam which is the shift of hot bloggers from Yahoo!360 to the social network. Gao, real name as Vu Phuong Thanh, who was once a Vietnamese hot blogger on Yahoo!360 is now arguably the most popular Vietnamese on Facebook with more than 90,000 likes on her page. She is also working as the PR Manager for a new boy band in Vietnam. Regarding her media plan for the launch of the band, she shared that Social media, Facebook and YouTube, accounts for 60% of their marketing plan. Facebook is where people get to know about 365. She doesnt want to use ZingMe or other Vietnamese websites. The fan page of the band on Facebook had more than 7,000 members after three weeks. It could be said that the blocking issue has not had significant impacts on the users side since they are still able to access Facebook. The block of Facebook even somehow helped raise public awareness and promote the popularity of the site in Vietnam. Agencies have recognised the growing power of Facebook in marketing communications hence taken actions to develop this new effective tool. The current situation generally looks promising to Facebook Vietnam, yet requires further actions and support: 100% our customers are international brands. Social media is still new here, local companies dont allocate budget for it. But I think from next year there will be more Vietnamese companies interested in social media. Advertising agencies now understand the efficiency of social media, and they are the ones who advice and allocate budget for brands. said Vo Thanh Cuong, CEO of Click Media, an agency specialised in digital marketing and communications. (Chip, Global Voices, 2011) From the other party which is Facebook itself, the social network has also taken this as a serious issue that needs to be considered and dealt with thoroughly: Last October, Facebook put up a message on its career page that they are looking for someone that has experience in government relations work and navigating government agencies along with an extensive network of contacts in the government and the technology space. The recent visit of Javier Olivan, Head of International Growth of Facebook, to Vietnam suggested that Vietnam will be soon taken care of. They should- said Cuong Vietnam is not a small market at all. With a population of 90 million and Internet penetration rate of 27.5%, Vietnam is definitely not small. (Chip, Global Voices, 2011) Summary The statistics and information gathered above all in all shows an overall picture of the emergence and development of Facebook in Vietnam. A review of its marketing communications roles has also been covered through brief analysis and case studies. In summary, social media generally and Facebook especially are emerging powerful marketing communications tools. In Vietnam, social media has its own ways of developing and approaching users as well as an increasing power to marketing communications. The use of Facebook marketing is at its early stage but growing rapidly with positive figures and comments from both users and marketers. The censorship issue seems to remain sophisticated but not affect the growth of Facebook in the country in a short run. Meanwhile, government relations and further support from different parties is the key to a more sustainable development of the social network in Vietnam. The literature review however has shown a one-sided positive picture of Facebook marketing and communications in general. In order to investigate the issue thoroughly, further research and analysis on both advantages and difficulties of Facebook marketing in Vietnam is required. Chapter 3: Methodology In order to study the marketing communications roles of Facebook in Vietnam, I believe that a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods will be more helpful than using a single type. I decided to carry out a survey targeting at a variety of Vietnamese internet users and intensive interviews with local communications experts. The survey is expected to provide numbers and facts regarding Facebook usage from the audience side while the interviews aimed to bring an insight of its marketing roles and future development in the opinion of local industry professionals. Survey I conducted a survey which aimed to approach 80-100 Vietnamese internet users. As survey could be used to not only describe things but also explain them, data gathered from survey is expected to provide public behaviour, population characteristics and also measurements of variables between which relationships can be analysed (Gunter, 2000: 24). In this case, the purpose of doing survey is to find out who are using Facebook most in Vietnam, how they are interacting with the social network, and how reliable the content is to them. At the same time, it is expected to make comparisons of characteristics between different groups such as Vietnamese living in Vietnam and abroad, different genders and ages. Designing, delivering and managing a survey was said by Barrie Gunter as not just asking a group of people a few questions. It requires much planning and a high level of skill in its administration to ensure that valid and usable data are obtained (Gunter, 2000: 23). Firstly, questions were constructed using different types depending on the purpose and nature of research. For example, multiple-choice was used when specific information is needed and could be easily made while opinion-based questions required a rating function. Questions were put in logical order, from general to specific and all easy to understand. Furthermore, the survey length was also taken into consideration; the number of ten is believed to be reasonable enough as it takes participants less than five minutes to finish. Furthermore, diverse angles of the research topic Facebook usage in Vietnam were included, from time length, frequency, and means of access to content contribution and opinions on content reliability. Due to the fact that targeted respondents live in different parts of the world and all use the internet, I chose an online survey tool to carry out my quantitative research. Participants who were my circle of friends, relatives and colleagues could start the survey whenever they wanted by clicking the link sent via email, Facebook message or Yahoo Messenger. The reason for using different delivery channels is to ensure that the research will approach both Facebook and non-Facebook users. This includes respondents who use other social networks rather than Facebook and who do not use social network at all. This is in attempt to minimise bias and make comparisons more accurately. I chose my circle of friends and relatives on the internet as my sample because higher rates of responses and honesty could be expected using personal relations. They also represent a random thus typical group of internet users fulfilling requirements of including different age groups living both in Vietnam and abroad. In terms of survey layout, the online survey provider was selected instead of sending an attached file via email to ensure professionalism and maximise the response rates. I also added an introduction which is short, realistically worded, non-threatening, serious, neutral and pleasant but firm because one way to increase the response rate in any survey is to prepare a persuasive introduction (Wimmer Dominick, 2000: 171). Receivers who fulfil the sampling characteristics and know the sender as well as purpose of this survey are believed to be likely to contribute. Finally, as a function provided by the tool, data was gathered in an easy-to-use format and valuable for comparisons and analysis. Reponses are available to be viewed individually and in group so that it is possible to compare respondents who belong to different age, gender and location groups. The survey link was available for one month during which reminders and following-up were regularly carried out in order to achieve the targeted response rate. Intensive Interviews If the research survey aimed to seek an overview of Vietnamese Facebook users profiles based on quantitative data, the interviews are expected to provide an in-depth evaluation on Facebook marketing in Vietnam. Evaluation on the effectiveness of something is believed to be best undertaken by people who create it. In this case, they are communications and digital marketing professionals whose work is to create efficient marketing tactics on social media. (See Appendix 2 3) Some expert comments on the issue have already been mentioned in the review of literature (Chapter 3), most of which however are relatively general. The intensive interviews were therefore designed and conducted in a way so as to provide specific, detailed and valuable opinions for further analysis. Since the objective is to obtain opinion-based responses, observational methods are not appropriate and intensive interview seems to be the only practical one. Areas of investigation include their opinions on Facebook development in Vietnam and its effectiveness as a marketing communications tool. The questions were constructed based on SWOT analysis model in attempt to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Facebook marketing in Vietnam. Especially, examples or real case studies are encouraged to be provided by the interviewees in order to back-up the statements. Interviews were conducted via email due to the fact that the interviewees live abroad and were too busy to schedule a long telephone interview. The lack of interaction and flexibility that this channel may result in was already taken into consideration. The interviews were therefore designed as a mini research paper which the respondent dealt with as an assignment. The positive side is that interviewees tend to take it more thoroughly with details and valuable back-up information than some thoughts that come up at the time she gives the answers face-to-face. The interviewees were given a reasonable length of time ranging from one to three weeks in order to provide the most comprehensive answers possible. Based on their responses, further questions were given to clarify an issue or develop an idea in more depth and generally increase interaction. All in all, the interviews receiv